Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

An “exclusive economic zone,” or “EEZ” is an area of the ocean, generally extending 200 nautical miles (230 miles) beyond a nation’s territorial sea, within which a coastal nation has jurisdiction over both living and nonliving resources.

What is the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)?

Where New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone?

New Zealand’s EEZ extends 200 nautical miles from its coastline including the Chatham Rise and Campbell Plateau. Giving Aotearoa rights to explore, manage, and use marine resources within this area.

How Big is New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone?

New Zealand’s EEZ is the fourth-largest in the world, covering over 4 million square kilometers, which is about 15 times the size of its land area.

Who Regulates EEZs?

EEZs are governed by United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which establishes international rules for maritime zones.

Why Are EEZs Important?

EEZs allow nations to manage and benefit from their marine resources, including:

Fisheries (sustainable fishing and protection from overfishing).
Oil, gas, and mineral extraction (offshore drilling, seabed mining).
Renewable energy (offshore wind, wave, and tidal energy).
Marine conservation (establishing marine protected areas).

How are EEZs Different From Territorial Waters?

Territorial waters extend up to 12 nautical miles (22 km) from the coast, where a country has full sovereignty like on land.
EEZs extend further (up to 200 nautical miles) but only grant rights to economic activities (e.g. fishing, mining, energy production).

How Does the EEZ Relate to Global Ocean Governance?

EEZs balance national rights with international responsibilities, influencing global efforts in marine conservation, sustainable fisheries, and climate action.
Organizations like the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission help manage transboundary ocean issues.